產品名稱：4α-Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate
產品貨號：LC  P-8880
產品規格：10 MG
Negative control for studies with PMA, Cat. No. P-1680.  Van Duuren, B.L.  et al.  "Effects of structural changes on the tumor-promoting activity of phorbol myristate acetate on mouse skin."  Cancer Res. 39:  2644-2646 (1979).
Please request Technical Note #13 for additional information.
4α-Phorbol Ester Activation of TRPV4 Channels  Though long thought to be a biologically inactive or extremely weak phorbol ester analog (i. e., an ED50 >25 µM for binding to protein kinase C), 4α-PMA may prove to be a reasonably potent activator of TRPV4 channels, with utility for structure-activity studies of this phenomenon.  The supposition of agonist activity for 4α-PMA on TRPV4 channels is based on the potent agonist response elicited by the very similar compound, 4α-PDD, in systems containing human VRL-2 and murine TRP12 channels [Watanabe, H., et al.  "Activation of TRPV4 channels (hVRL-2/mTRP12) by phorbol derivatives."  J. Biol. Chem. 277:  13569-13577 (2002)].  See the entry for 4α-PDD, Cat. No. P-2170, for an extensive description of these new and exciting results.
Chemical Structures.  The primary structural difference between 4α-PMA and the highly potent phorbol ester-type PKC activators is the configuration at C4.  In the highly active phorbol ester family, the hydroxy group at C4 is in the β configuration, i. e., rising up out of the two-dimensional structure as depicted on paper or a computer monitor.  The 4-alpha-phorbol esters such as 4α-PMA, 4α-PDD and 4α-PDBu have the 4-OH group oriented down below the paper or computer screen's two-dimensional plane.
Nomenclature.  Unless "4α" is specified, all "phorbol" compounds are automatically defined, by operation of standard chemical nomenclature conventions, as having the 4β-configuration, as part of the intrinsic meaning of the word "phorbol".  This is much like the word "cholesterol", which automatically means that its hydroxy group at carbon 3 is in the β configuration; there is no need to specify "3β-cholesterol", whereas a cholesterol derivative with a 3α hydroxy group would require a "3α-cholesterol" specification.
To avoid confusion in this field, it is useful to note that, technically, 4α-PMA is not a "phorbol ester", it is a "4α-phorbol ester", and the structural differences, though minor overall, are quite significant biologically.  Given the extreme differences in their biological properties, both on PKC and TRPV4 channel-based phenomena, efforts to maintain distinctive names for members of these two biologically quite distinct classes of compounds appear to be well justified.
Storage:  Store at or below -20 ºC.  Solubility:  Soluble in DMSO or ethanol.  Disposal:  A

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