產品名稱：DNase ELISA
產    地：Demeditec 
產品貨號：DE7330
產品規格：96 Tests
產品說明：
Special remarks:
DNase is a solid phase enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) for the quantitative screening of DNase in human serum or EDTA-plasma. The assay is intended for in vitro diagnostic use only.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is one of the most severe autoimmune disorders, particularly caused by the production of pathogenic autoantibodies to an extensive spectrum of nuclear antigens, including chromatin, ribonucleoprotein components (RNP), components of the spliceosome complex together with phospholipid components of the cell membrane. The diverse array of clinical symptoms involves multiple organ systems resulting in diseases such as glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, arthritis, stroke or disorder of the central nervous system 1.
Since the diagnosis of SLE is difficult, current diagnostic guidelines have been defined. Patients suffering from SLE have to fulfil any four of the eleven criteria established by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). The determination of double stranded DNA antibodies together with antibodies against the nuclear Sm protein are diagnostic criteria of the ACR. Another diagnostic tool is the detection of autoantibodies directed against single stranded DNA, histone proteins and nulceosomal complexes.
Although the determination of SLE still remains unclear, it seems that a defect in the mechanism of apoptosis - a form of physiological cell death to remove unwanted cells - may promote autoimmune disease susceptibility. During apoptosis DNA from dying cells is automatically digested, necessarily as a biological defence against intracellular parasites such as viruses and bacteria 2. Thus failure to DNA fragmentation could affect tissue homeostasis and consequently influence the development of autoimmune diseases and cancer. This might be the reason, why patients with SLE often reveal high titers of circulating nucleosomes 3.
Desoxyribunuclease (DNAse), an enzyme potentially involved in chromatin metabolism has been implicated in degrading DNA during apoptosis. Recently, studies have shown that a DNase-deficient human cell line is resistant to drug-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, it has been described that transgenic mice, deficient in DNase cannot remove circulating nucleosomes. This failure in apoptosis leads to the development of a spontaneous lupus-like syndrome (e.g. glomerulonephritis) 3. A deficiency in DNase was also found in patients with SLE correlating with high titers of antibodies against nucleosomal antigens. The activity of DNase is often decreased in patients with SLE. It has been shown that a single nucleotide mutation in the DNase I gene reduces the total activity of this enzyme. B-cells of SLE patients with this mutation have only 30-50% the of DNase activity compared to healthy individuals. Accordingly, the IgG titer against nucleosomal antigens was 7-8 times higher in SLE patients than in SLE patients without this mutation and 70-80 times higher compared to healthy individuals 4.
A hypothetical model describes various genetic pathways in the initiation of the SLE pathogenesis involving interactions between different genes like C1q and DNase. With references to this many first-degree relatives of SLE patients exhibit a similar seropositive phenotype without severe disease pathogenesis. This might be due to a decrease of DNase activity.
Today, human recombinant DNase I is used to treat patients with cystic fibrosis, whose airways become blocked by thick mucus, containing high concentrations of bacterial DNA. Recently, a phase Ib clinical trial was performed in which DNase I was administered to humans with SLE and indicated that the treatment was safe. Future aspects are the development of a therapy for SLE patients with DNase I 5, 6.
The DNase ELISA is a novel and absolutely innovative assay for the determination of DNase activity. It is the first commercial assay worldwide for the measurement of the DNase enzymatic activity in a microtiterplate. It can prove to be a very useful diagnostic tool for the determination and monitoring as well as the prediction of many autoimmune disorders.
Indications:
· SLE prediction                                                      
· SLE therapy control
· SLE family screening                                           
· Failure in apoptosis
· DNase treatment control in cystic fibrosis            
· Viral and bacterial infections
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